Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: incidence, patient characteristics, outcomes, and trends over time between 2012 and 2018 in an urban city

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
²Department of Physical Education, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea

Correspondence

Yong Hwan Kim ,Tel: 055-233-6119, Fax: 055-233-8394, Email: suka1212@naver.com,

Received: April 18, 2022; Revised: June 10, 2022 Accepted: June 16, 2022. Published online: April 30, 2023.

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) and to investigate the trends for the same in Changwon city, South Korea between 2012 and 2018.
Method:
We analyzed a list of adult cardiac arrest cases occurring between 2012 and 2018 from the OHCA surveillance registry and the Changwon Fire Department’s emergency medical services database. The trends in the incidence and resuscitation-related characteristics were assessed using nonparametric tests for trends across ordered groups. The predictors of the primary outcome were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. The primary outcome was a good neurological outcome at hospital discharge.
Results:
A total of 2,951 OHCAs were attended by the emergency medical services and of these, 2,834 were included in this study. Overall, the proportion of patients discharged with a good neurologic outcome was 4.7% (133/2,834). Both OHCA survival and good neurologic outcomes improved significantly over time, from 4.9% and 2.1%, respectively, in 2012 to 10.3% and 7.4% in 2018 (P<0.001). The Utstein comparator (bystander-witnessed arrests presenting with initial shockable rhythm) increased over the study period (P-for-trend<0.001). Age, response time, scene time, in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time, witness presence, cardiac origin, and shockable rhythm were associated with good neurologic outcomes.
Conclusion:
With the gradual increase in the proportion of patients with witnessed cardiac arrests, bystander CPR, and initial shockable rhythm, the rate of survival and a good neurologic outcome at discharge also increased annually.

Key words: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; Character; Incidence; Trends